Jakarta. Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV), which has been spreading in China, has now been reported in Indonesia, with children identified as the most vulnerable group. Despite concerns, experts clarify that the virus has long been present in Indonesia and is not a deadly virus.

“HMPV has been circulating globally for a long time, and most people have likely been infected during childhood. However, it was only clearly identified in 2001,” said Prof. Tri Wibawa, a clinical microbiology professor at Universitas Gadjah Mada (UGM), on Friday.

He added that Chinese authorities confirmed the HMPV currently spreading is an older strain.

Prof. Tri explained that HMPV shares similarities with SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for COVID-19, particularly in causing respiratory infections. Symptoms include cough, runny nose, nasal congestion, sneezing, sore throat, and wheezing. In severe cases, particularly in immunocompromised individuals, it can lead to serious lower respiratory tract infections.

“HMPV spreads through droplets, contaminated bodily fluids, and direct contact with infected individuals, much like COVID-19,” he said, noting that reinfections are possible.

Although HMPV shares some traits with SARS-CoV-2, Prof. Tri said it does not cause fatal illnesses in most cases.

“For most people, the disease resolves on its own, similar to influenza,” he said, adding that HMPV does not pose a pandemic risk and has a significantly lower fatality rate than SARS-CoV-2.

However, children, the elderly above 65, and individuals with weakened immune systems or respiratory conditions are more susceptible to severe complications.

As HMPV symptoms closely resemble those of influenza, Prof. Tri urged the public to remain vigilant. While there is currently no vaccine for HMPV, maintaining a healthy lifestyle is key to prevention.

He recommended regular handwashing, consuming nutritious food, adequate rest, and wearing masks when experiencing respiratory symptoms.

“Building a strong immune response can help prevent severe illness,” he said.

Prof. Tri also advised avoiding close contact with people suspected of being infected. With appropriate preventive measures, he expressed optimism that the spread of HMPV could be minimized.

First discovered in the Netherlands in 2001, HMPV is a seasonal virus that typically affects the respiratory system. It causes symptoms akin to the common cold, including cough, fever, and sore throat, which usually last 2-5 days.

While recent reports pointed to a rise in HMPV cases in China, authorities have dismissed claims of a severe outbreak. China’s Center for Disease Control and Prevention confirmed increased cases of HMPV, influenza, rhinovirus, and mycoplasma pneumonia during winter but clarified that the situation had been exaggerated on social media.

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