Hong Kong. A Hong Kong court convicted two former editors of a shuttered news outlet on Thursday, in a sedition case that is widely seen as a barometer for the future of media freedom in the city once hailed as a bastion of a free press in Asia.

Stand News former editor-in-chief Chung Pui-kuen and former acting editor-in-chief Patrick Lam were arrested in 2021 and previously pleaded not guilty to the charge of conspiracy to publish and reproduce seditious publications. Their sedition trial was Hong Kong’s first involving media since the former British colony returned to Chinese rule in 1997.

Stand News was one of the city’s last media outlets that openly criticized the government amid a crackdown on dissent that followed massive pro-democracy protests in 2019.

The offense is punishable by up to two years in prison and a fine of 5,000 Hong Kong dollars (about $640) under a colonial-era sedition law. Judge Kwok Wai-kin is not expected to hand down a sentence on the same day.

Chung and Lam were charged under a colonial-era sedition law that has been used increasingly to crush dissidents. 

Before the hearing began, some reporters and dozens of residents were already in queues in the morning to secure a seat in the main courtroom.

Resident Kevin Ng, who was among the first in the line, said he used to be a reader of Stand News and has been following the trial. Ng, 28, said he read less news after its shutdown, feeling the city has lost some critical voices. He said if the editors were found guilty, he would have “complex feelings.”

“They reported the truth, they defended press freedom," said the man who works in risk management industry.

Their case is centered on 17 articles. That included stories featuring pro-democracy ex-lawmakers Nathan Law and Ted Hui, who are among a group of overseas-based activists targeted by Hong Kong police bounties; interviews with three participants in a primary election organized by the pro-democracy camp in 2020; and commentaries by Law and veteran journalists Allan Au and Chan Pui-man. Chan is also Chung’s wife.

Prosecutors accused some of the articles of helping promote “illegal ideologies,” as well as smearing the security law and law enforcement officers. They described Stand News as a political platform as well as an online news outlet.

Chung previously denied that Stand News was a political platform, and emphasized the importance of freedom of speech during the trial.

“Freedom of speech should not be restricted on the grounds of eradicating dangerous ideas, but rather it should be used to eradicate dangerous ideas,” he said.

Best Pencil (Hong Kong) Ltd., the holding company for Stand News, faced the same charge but had no representatives during the trial, which began in October 2022.

Stand News shut down in December 2021, following a high-profile police raid at its office and the arrests. Armed with a warrant to seize relevant journalistic materials, more than 200 officers participated in the operation.

Days after Stand News shut down, independent news outlet Citizen News also announced it would cease operations, citing the deteriorating media environment and the potential risks to its staff.

Hong Kong was ranked 135 out of 180 territories in Reporters Without Borders’ latest World Press Freedom Index, down from 80 in 2021. Self-censorship has also become more prominent during the political crackdown on dissent. In March, the city government enacted another new security law that many journalists worried it could further curtail press freedom.

The Hong Kong government insists the city still enjoys press freedom, as guaranteed by its mini-constitution.