Jakarta. Indonesia’s foreign exchange reserves fell by $2 billion to $146.2 billion in April 2026, raising concerns over Bank Indonesia’s ability to defend the rupiah amid mounting external pressures and repeated currency interventions.

Rupiah weakened to Rp 17,375 per US dollar based on Bank Indonesia’s Jakarta Interbank Spot Dollar Rate (JISDOR) on Friday, adding to market concerns that volatility in the currency market could further erode the country’s reserve buffer.

University of Andalas economist Syafruddin Karimi said the decline in reserves remained manageable, but should be viewed as an early warning sign of intensifying external pressures.

“The most worrying factor is not the government’s routine external debt payments, but the repeated need for rupiah stabilization intervention,” Syafruddin told Jakarta Globe on Sunday.

He noted that government debt repayments are predictable and already incorporated into fiscal and cash management planning, while currency intervention is far more sensitive because it is driven by rapidly shifting market sentiment.

“If the rupiah continues to weaken, Bank Indonesia will need to supply more dollars to the market, and that process can gradually drain foreign exchange reserves,” he said.

According to Syafruddin, the current rupiah level suggests investors are still unconvinced that exchange rate pressures will ease anytime soon.

“In this situation, debt payments become a scheduled burden, while rupiah intervention turns into the cost of maintaining market confidence,” he said.

“If intervention becomes more frequent, markets may start asking how much reserves are actually available to defend the rupiah.”

Syafruddin said Bank Indonesia’s intervention strategy remains effective in containing volatility, preventing panic, and avoiding excessive rupiah depreciation. He added that such measures are crucial because a weaker rupiah can spill over into the stock market, bond market, imported inflation, and broader public expectations.

However, he cautioned that intervention alone would not be sufficient if the pressure stems from structural global factors, including a stronger US dollar, rising oil prices, capital outflows, or concerns over Indonesia’s fiscal outlook.

“Bank Indonesia cannot work alone. Intervention must go hand in hand with fiscal discipline, careful government bond issuance management, stronger export foreign exchange inflows, and consistent policy communication,” Syafruddin said.

Earlier, Bank Indonesia Communications Department Head Ramdan Denny Prakoso said the decline in reserves was linked to lower tax and services receipts, alongside the government’s global bond issuance, external debt payments, and central bank efforts to stabilize the rupiah amid heightened global financial market uncertainty.

“Bank Indonesia views the current level of foreign exchange reserves as sufficient to support external sector resilience and maintain macroeconomic and financial system stability,” Ramdan said.

He added that the reserve position at the end of April was equivalent to financing 5.8 months of imports, or 5.6 months of imports and government external debt repayments combined, well above the international adequacy standard of around three months of imports.

Looking ahead, Bank Indonesia expects Indonesia’s external resilience to remain solid, supported by adequate reserve levels and continued foreign capital inflows. The central bank also cited positive investor perceptions toward Indonesia’s economic prospects and attractive investment returns.

“Bank Indonesia will continue strengthening coordination with the government to reinforce external resilience and maintain economic stability in support of sustainable economic growth,” Ramdan said.